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        <article role="main" id="furo-main-content">
          <section id="how-to-send-logs-to-loki">
<span id="logs-loki"></span><h1>How to send logs to Loki<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-send-logs-to-loki" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<!-- Include start logs_loki intro -->
<p>LXD publishes information about its activity in the form of events. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span> <span class="pre">monitor</span></code> command allows you to view this information in your shell. There are two categories of LXD events: logs and life cycle. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span> <span class="pre">monitor</span> <span class="pre">--type=logging</span> <span class="pre">--pretty</span></code> command will filter and display log type events like activity of the raft cluster, for instance, while <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span> <span class="pre">monitor</span> <span class="pre">--type=lifecycle</span> <span class="pre">--pretty</span></code> will only display life cycle events like instances starting or stopping.</p>
<p>In a production environment, you might want to keep a log of these events in a dedicated system. <a class="reference external" href="https://grafana.com/oss/loki/">Loki</a> is one such system, and LXD provides a configuration option to forward its event stream to Loki.</p>
<!-- Include end logs_loki intro -->
<section id="configure-lxd-to-send-logs">
<h2>Configure LXD to send logs<a class="headerlink" href="#configure-lxd-to-send-logs" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>See the Loki documentation for instructions on installing it:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/setup/install/">Install Loki</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>Once you have a Loki server up and running, you can instruct LXD to send logs to your Loki server by setting the following option:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>lxc config set loki.api.url=http://&lt;loki_server_IP&gt;:3100
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If Loki logs are to be viewed in the Grafana dashboard, ensure the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loki.instance</span></code> configuration key matches the name of the Prometheus job. See <a class="reference internal" href="../grafana/#grafana"><span class="std std-ref">Set up a Grafana dashboard</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="query-loki-logs">
<h2>Query Loki logs<a class="headerlink" href="#query-loki-logs" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Loki logs are typically viewed/queried using Grafana but Loki provides a command line utility called LogCLI allowing to query logs from your Loki server without the need for Grafana.</p>
<p>See the LogCLI documentation for instructions on installing it:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/query/logcli/">Install LogCLI</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>With your LogCLI utility up and running, first configure it to query the server you have installed before by setting the appropriate environment variable:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>export LOKI_ADDR=http://&lt;loki_server_IP&gt;:3100
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can then query the Loki server to validate that your LXD events are getting through. LXD events all have the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app</span></code> key set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxd</span></code> so you can use the following <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logcli</span></code> command to see LXD logs in Loki.</p>
<div class="terminal docutils container">
<div class="input docutils container">
<div class="prompt docutils container">
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user&#64;host:~$</span> </code></div>
<span class="command"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logcli</span> <span class="pre">query</span> <span class="pre">-t</span> <span class="pre">'{app=&quot;lxd&quot;}'</span>
</code></span></div>
<div class="terminal-code highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>2024-02-14T21:31:20Z {app=&quot;lxd&quot;, instance=&quot;node3&quot;, type=&quot;logging&quot;} level=&quot;info&quot; Updating instance types
2024-02-14T21:31:20Z {app=&quot;lxd&quot;, instance=&quot;node3&quot;, type=&quot;logging&quot;} level=&quot;info&quot; Expiring log files
2024-02-14T21:31:20Z {app=&quot;lxd&quot;, instance=&quot;node3&quot;, type=&quot;logging&quot;} level=&quot;info&quot; Pruning resolved warnings
2024-02-14T21:31:20Z {app=&quot;lxd&quot;, instance=&quot;node3&quot;, type=&quot;logging&quot;} level=&quot;info&quot; Updating images
2024-02-14T21:31:20Z {app=&quot;lxd&quot;, instance=&quot;node3&quot;, type=&quot;logging&quot;} level=&quot;info&quot; Done pruning resolved warnings
2024-02-14T21:31:20Z {app=&quot;lxd&quot;, instance=&quot;node3&quot;, type=&quot;logging&quot;} level=&quot;info&quot; Done expiring log files
2024-02-14T21:31:20Z {app=&quot;lxd&quot;, instance=&quot;node3&quot;, type=&quot;logging&quot;} level=&quot;info&quot; Done updating images
...
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="add-labels">
<h2>Add labels<a class="headerlink" href="#add-labels" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>LXD pushes log entries with a set of predefined labels like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">instance</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code>. To see all existing labels, you can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logcli</span> <span class="pre">labels</span></code>. Some log entries might contain information in their message that you would like to access as if they were keys. In the example below, you might want to have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requester-username</span></code> as a key to query.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">2024</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="n">T22</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="n">Z</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;lxd&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;node3&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">location</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;node3&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;c1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">project</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;default&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;lifecycle&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">requester</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;instance-started&quot;</span> <span class="n">source</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;/1.0/instances/c1&quot;</span> <span class="n">requester</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;@&quot;</span> <span class="n">requester</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">protocol</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;unix&quot;</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">started</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Use the following command to instruct LXD to move all occurrences of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requester-username=&quot;&lt;user&gt;&quot;</span></code> into the label section:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>lxc config set loki.labels=&quot;requester-username&quot;
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will transform the above log entry into:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">2024</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">02</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="n">T21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="n">Z</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;lxd&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;node3&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">location</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;node3&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;c2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">project</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;default&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">requester_username</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;lifecycle&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;instance-started&quot;</span> <span class="n">source</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;/1.0/instances/c2&quot;</span> <span class="n">requester</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;@&quot;</span> <span class="n">requester</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">protocol</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;unix&quot;</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">started</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note the replacement of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code>, as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> cannot be used in keys. As <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requested_username</span></code> is now a key, you can query Loki using it like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>logcli query -t &#39;{requester_username=&quot;ubuntu&quot;}&#39;
</pre></div>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">How to send logs to Loki</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configure-lxd-to-send-logs">Configure LXD to send logs</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-loki-logs">Query Loki logs</a></li>
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