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<article role="main" id="furo-main-content">
<section id="lvm-lvm">
<span id="storage-lvm"></span><h1>LVM - <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#lvm-lvm" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p class="youtube_link">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqLl2eMZE6U" target="_blank">
<span title="LVM storage and LXD" class="play_icon">▶</span>
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<p><abbr title="Logical Volume Manager">LVM</abbr> is a storage management framework rather than a file system.
It is used to manage physical storage devices, allowing you to create a number of logical storage volumes that use and virtualize the underlying physical storage devices.</p>
<p>Note that it is possible to over-commit the physical storage in the process, to allow flexibility for scenarios where not all available storage is in use at the same time.</p>
<p>To use LVM, make sure you have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm2</span></code> installed on your machine.</p>
<section id="terminology">
<h2>Terminology<a class="headerlink" href="#terminology" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>LVM can combine several physical storage devices into a <em>volume group</em>.
You can then allocate <em>logical volumes</em> of different types from this volume group.</p>
<p>One supported volume type is a <em>thin pool</em>, which allows over-committing the resources by creating thinly provisioned volumes whose total allowed maximum size (quota) is larger than the available physical storage.
Another type is a <em>volume snapshot</em>, which captures a specific state of a logical volume.</p>
</section>
<section id="lvm-driver-in-lxd">
<h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm</span></code> driver in LXD<a class="headerlink" href="#lvm-driver-in-lxd" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm</span></code> driver in LXD uses logical volumes for images, and volume snapshots for instances and snapshots.</p>
<p>LXD assumes that it has full control over the volume group.
Therefore, you should not maintain any file system entities that are not owned by LXD in an LVM volume group, because LXD might delete them.
However, if you need to reuse an existing volume group (for example, because your setup has only one volume group), you can do so by setting the <a class="configref reference internal" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.vg.force_reuse"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.vg.force_reuse</span></code></a> configuration.</p>
<p>By default, LVM storage pools use an LVM thin pool and create logical volumes for all LXD storage entities (images, instances and custom volumes) in there.
This behavior can be changed by setting <a class="configref reference internal" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.use_thinpool"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.use_thinpool</span></code></a> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code> when you create the pool.
In this case, LXD uses “normal” logical volumes for all storage entities that are not snapshots.
Note that this entails serious performance and space reductions for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm</span></code> driver (close to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dir</span></code> driver both in speed and storage usage).
The reason for this is that most storage operations must fall back to using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync</span></code>, because logical volumes that are not thin pools do not support snapshots of snapshots.
In addition, non-thin snapshots take up much more storage space than thin snapshots, because they must reserve space for their maximum size (quota) at creation time.
Therefore, this option should only be chosen if the use case requires it.</p>
<p>For environments with a high instance turnover (for example, continuous integration) you should tweak the backup <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retain_min</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">retain_days</span></code> settings in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/lvm/lvm.conf</span></code> to avoid slowdowns when interacting with LXD.</p>
</section>
<section id="configuration-options">
<h2>Configuration options<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-options" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following configuration options are available for storage pools that use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm</span></code> driver and for storage volumes in these pools.</p>
<section id="storage-pool-configuration">
<span id="storage-lvm-pool-config"></span><h3>Storage pool configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#storage-pool-configuration" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.thinpool_metadata_size">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.thinpool_metadata_size</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>The size of the thin pool metadata volume</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.thinpool_metadata_size"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.thinpool_metadata_size</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (auto)</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>By default, LVM calculates an appropriate size.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.thinpool_name">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.thinpool_name</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Thin pool where volumes are created</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.thinpool_name"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.thinpool_name</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LXDThinPool</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>local</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.use_thinpool">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.use_thinpool</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Whether the storage pool uses a thin pool for logical volumes</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.use_thinpool"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.use_thinpool</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.vg.force_reuse">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.vg.force_reuse</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Force using an existing non-empty volume group</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.vg.force_reuse"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.vg.force_reuse</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.vg_name">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.vg_name</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Name of the volume group to create</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:lvm.vg_name"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.vg_name</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>name of the pool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>local</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:rsync.bwlimit">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync.bwlimit</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Upper limit on the socket I/O for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync</span></code></p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:rsync.bwlimit"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync.bwlimit</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (no limit)</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync</span></code> must be used to transfer storage entities, this option specifies the upper limit
to be placed on the socket I/O.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:rsync.compression">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync.compression</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Whether to use compression while migrating storage pools</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:rsync.compression"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync.compression</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:size">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Size of the storage pool (for loop-based pools)</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:size"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>auto (20% of free disk space, >= 5 GiB and <= 30 GiB)</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>local</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>When creating loop-based pools, specify the size in bytes (<a class="reference internal" href="../instance_units/#instances-limit-units"><span class="std std-ref">suffixes</span></a> are supported).
You can increase the size to grow the storage pool.</p>
<p>The default (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code>) creates a storage pool that uses 20% of the free disk space,
with a minimum of 5 GiB and a maximum of 30 GiB.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:source">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Path to an existing block device, loop file, or LVM volume group</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:source"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>local</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:source.recover">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source.recover</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Whether to recover an existing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code></p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:source.recover"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source.recover</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>local</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Set this option to true to recover an existing source which was previously created by LXD.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-pool-conf:source.wipe">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source.wipe</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Whether to wipe the block device before creating the pool</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-pool-conf:source.wipe"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source.wipe</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>local</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Set this option to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code> to wipe the block device specified in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code>
prior to creating the storage pool.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>In addition to these configurations, you can also set default values for the storage volume configurations. See <a class="reference internal" href="../../howto/storage_volumes/#storage-configure-vol-default"><span class="std std-ref">Configure default values for storage volumes</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="storage-volume-configuration">
<span id="storage-lvm-vol-config"></span><h3>Storage volume configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#storage-volume-configuration" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:block.filesystem">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block.filesystem</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>File system of the storage volume</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:block.filesystem"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block.filesystem</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.block.filesystem</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>block-based volume with content type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filesystem</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Valid options are: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">btrfs</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ext4</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xfs</span></code>
If not set, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ext4</span></code> is assumed.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:block.mount_options">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block.mount_options</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Mount options for block-backed file system volumes</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:block.mount_options"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block.mount_options</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.block.mount_options</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>block-based volume with content type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filesystem</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:lvm.stripes">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.stripes</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Number of stripes to use for new volumes (or thin pool volume)</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:lvm.stripes"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.stripes</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.lvm.stripes</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:lvm.stripes.size">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.stripes.size</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Size of stripes to use</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:lvm.stripes.size"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm.stripes.size</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.lvm.stripes.size</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>The size must be at least 4096 bytes, and a multiple of 512 bytes.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:security.shared">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">security.shared</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Enable volume sharing</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:security.shared"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">security.shared</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.security.shared</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>virtual-machine or custom block volume</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Enabling this option allows sharing the volume across multiple instances despite the possibility of data loss.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:security.shifted">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">security.shifted</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Enable ID shifting overlay</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:security.shifted"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">security.shifted</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.security.shifted</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>custom volume</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Enabling this option allows attaching the volume to multiple isolated instances.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:security.unmapped">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">security.unmapped</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Disable ID mapping for the volume</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:security.unmapped"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">security.unmapped</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>bool</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.security.unmappped</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>custom volume</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:size">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Size/quota of the storage volume</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:size"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.size</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>appropriate driver</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:snapshots.expiry">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.expiry</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>When snapshots are to be deleted</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:snapshots.expiry"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.expiry</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.snapshots.expiry</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>custom volume</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Specify an expression like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1M</span> <span class="pre">2H</span> <span class="pre">3d</span> <span class="pre">4w</span> <span class="pre">5m</span> <span class="pre">6y</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:snapshots.pattern">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.pattern</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Template for the snapshot name</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:snapshots.pattern"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.pattern</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.snapshots.pattern</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snap%d</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>custom volume</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>You can specify a naming template that is used for scheduled snapshots and unnamed snapshots.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.pattern</span></code> option takes a Pongo2 template string to format the snapshot name.</p>
<p>To add a time stamp to the snapshot name, use the Pongo2 context variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">creation_date</span></code>.
Make sure to format the date in your template string to avoid forbidden characters in the snapshot name.
For example, set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.pattern</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{{</span> <span class="pre">creation_date|date:'2006-01-02_15-04-05'</span> <span class="pre">}}</span></code> to name the snapshots after their time of creation, down to the precision of a second.</p>
<p>Another way to avoid name collisions is to use the placeholder <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%d</span></code> in the pattern.
For the first snapshot, the placeholder is replaced with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.
For subsequent snapshots, the existing snapshot names are taken into account to find the highest number at the placeholder’s position.
This number is then incremented by one for the new name.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:snapshots.schedule">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.schedule</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Schedule for automatic volume snapshots</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:snapshots.schedule"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.schedule</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snapshots.schedule</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>custom volume</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Specify either a cron expression (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><minute></span> <span class="pre"><hour></span> <span class="pre"><dom></span> <span class="pre"><month></span> <span class="pre"><dow></span></code>), a comma-separated list of schedule aliases (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@hourly</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@daily</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@midnight</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@weekly</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@monthly</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@annually</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@yearly</span></code>), or leave empty to disable automatic snapshots (the default).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.devlxd.owner">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.devlxd.owner</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>The ID of the DevLXD identity which owns the volume</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.devlxd.owner"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.devlxd.owner</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>DevLXD owner identity ID</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.idmap.last">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.idmap.last</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>JSON-serialized UID/GID map that has been applied to the volume</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.idmap.last"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.idmap.last</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>filesystem</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.idmap.next">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.idmap.next</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>JSON-serialized UID/GID map that has been applied to the volume</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.idmap.next"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.idmap.next</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>filesystem</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.uuid">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.uuid</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>The volume’s UUID</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-volume-conf:volatile.uuid"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volatile.uuid</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>random UUID</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>global</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="storage-bucket-configuration">
<h3>Storage bucket configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#storage-bucket-configuration" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>To enable storage buckets for local storage pool drivers and allow applications to access the buckets via the S3 protocol, you must configure the <a class="configref reference internal" href="../../server/#server-core:core.storage_buckets_address"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">core.storage_buckets_address</span></code></a> server setting.</p>
<div class="configoption docutils container" id="storage-lvm-bucket-conf:size">
<div class="basicinfo docutils container">
<span class="key"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span></code></span><span class="shortdesc"><p>Size/quota of the storage bucket</p>
</span><span class="anchor"><a class="reference external" href="#storage-lvm-bucket-conf:size"><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></a></span></div>
<div class="details docutils container">
<div class="table-wrapper fields docutils container">
<table class="fields docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Key: </strong></td>
<td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">size</span></code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Type: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>string</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Default: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">volume.size</span></code></p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>Condition: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>appropriate driver</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>Scope: </strong></td>
<td><span class="ignoreP"><p>local</p>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
</section>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">LVM - <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm</span></code></a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#terminology">Terminology</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#lvm-driver-in-lxd"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lvm</span></code> driver in LXD</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-options">Configuration options</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#storage-pool-configuration">Storage pool configuration</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#storage-volume-configuration">Storage volume configuration</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#storage-bucket-configuration">Storage bucket configuration</a></li>
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